The ordered criteria — goal difference, goals scored, head-to-head and more — used to separate teams that finish level on points.
When teams finish level on points, competitions apply a fixed order of tie-breakers. The Premier League uses goal difference, then goals scored, then head-to-head record. UEFA competitions and La Liga instead apply the head-to-head result between the level teams first, before goal difference — so the same records can produce a different order depending on the competition.
Further criteria can include away goals in head-to-head meetings and a fair-play (disciplinary) count, where fewer cards ranks a team higher. If every criterion is identical, a play-off or the drawing of lots decides.
xPTS (Expected Points)
The number of league points a team would be expected to earn based on their xG and xGA across a series of matches.
Monte Carlo Simulation
A method that plays out the rest of a season thousands of times at random to estimate the probability of each outcome, such as winning the title or being relegated.
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